How to make Arduino Chiptunes with Arduino

I am not a fan of programming. But I may like it. I tried to make Arduino Chiptunes with Arduino. But I don’t know how to upload Arduino code. With the new code reprogram the Arduino and situate the LEDs on pin 10 and pin 12 and after the reprogramming play with the drums.

Step 1: Requirements

To make this project we will need some things, those things are:

•An Arduino

•Speaker

•jumper wires

•A machine capable of playing a tune every time you push a button to activate it.

Step 2: Type of Speakers

In this time many speakers available in the market so you choose any speaker. Some speakers built in amp with 3.5 mm jacks. So you choose any speaker which you like and work properly for this project.

Step 3: Programming of Arduino

#include <avr/io.h>

#include <avr/signal.h>

#include <avr/interrupt.h>

#define TRACKLEN 32

#define MAXTRACK 0x92

#define SONGLEN 0x37

#include <avr/pgmspace.h>

extern "C" {

typedef unsigned char u8;

typedef unsigned short u16;

typedef char s8;

typedef short s16;

typedef unsigned long u32;

byte songdata[] PROGMEM = {

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0xa1, 0xc5, 0x96, 0x5b, 0x70, 0xd9, 0xa5, 0x07, 0x03, 0x2e, 0x00, 0x00,

0x48, 0x0f, 0x40, 0x80, 0x00, 0xf2, 0x23, 0x02, 0x64, 0x07, 0x22, 0x00,

0x82, 0x03, 0x10, 0x1c, 0x11, 0x20, 0x3f, 0x64, 0x07, 0x03, 0x6e, 0x7e,

0xe9, 0x05, 0x17, 0x5a, 0x66, 0xb1, 0x65, 0x16, 0x5a, 0x66, 0x89, 0x85,

0x95, 0x57, 0x54, 0x99, 0xe5, 0x95, 0x18, 0x11, 0x20, 0x31, 0x22, 0x40,

0x62, 0x44, 0x80, 0xc4, 0x00, 0x22, 0x40, 0x62, 0x44, 0x80, 0xf4, 0x88,

0x00, 0x89, 0x11, 0x01, 0x00, 0x03, 0x2e, 0x12, 0x43, 0x62, 0x48, 0x0f,

0x89, 0x21, 0x3d, 0x44, 0x18, 0x60, 0x7e, 0x08, 0x10, 0x89, 0x21, 0x31,

0xa4, 0x87, 0xc4, 0x90, 0x1e, 0x22, 0x0c, 0x30, 0x3f, 0x00, 0xfb, 0x2d,

0x02, 0x24, 0x02, 0x84, 0x48, 0x04, 0x48, 0x6f, 0xc4, 0x9e, 0x70, 0xd7,

0xeb, 0xc5, 0x76, 0xc2, 0x1e, 0x70, 0x17, 0xeb, 0xe1, 0x76, 0xc0, 0xde,

0x6f, 0xd7, 0xeb, 0xc5, 0x76, 0xbf, 0xde, 0x6e, 0x17, 0xeb, 0xe1, 0x76,

0xbb, 0x1e, 0x6e, 0x87, 0xeb, 0xc5, 0x76, 0xc4, 0xde, 0x6e, 0x17, 0xeb,

0xf5, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xa3, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x0c, 0x40, 0x68, 0x00,

0x32, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x89, 0x01, 0xc8, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,

0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xbd, 0x26, 0xb1, 0xcc,

0x00, 0x7f, 0x4d, 0x41, 0x00, 0x48, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,

0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2b, 0x21, 0x11, 0x20, 0x25, 0x80, 0x08,

0x90, 0x58, 0x62, 0x29, 0x11, 0x01, 0x52, 0x22, 0x02, 0x00, 0x29, 0x11,

0x01, 0x56, 0x52, 0x22, 0x00, 0x90, 0x12, 0x11, 0x60, 0x25, 0x24, 0x02,

0x00, 0x29, 0x11, 0x01, 0x52, 0x22, 0x02, 0xa4, 0x44, 0x04, 0x00, 0xcf,

0xcc, 0xc0, 0x11, 0x01, 0x52, 0x22, 0x02, 0xa4, 0x44, 0x04, 0x48, 0x86,

0x08, 0x90, 0x12, 0x11, 0x20, 0x19, 0x22, 0x40, 0x4a, 0x44, 0x80, 0x94,

0x88, 0x00, 0xc9, 0x10, 0x01, 0x52, 0x22, 0x02, 0xa4, 0x44, 0x04, 0x48,

0x86, 0x08, 0x90, 0x12, 0x11, 0xa0, 0x99, 0x01, 0x68, 0x46, 0x80, 0x53,

0x22, 0x02, 0xa4, 0x44, 0x04

};

volatile u8 callbackwait;

volatile u8 lastsample;

volatile u8 timetoplay;

volatile u8 test;

volatile u8 testwait;

u8 trackwait;

u8 trackpos;

u8 playsong;

u8 songpos;

u32 noiseseed = 1;

u8 light[2];

/*const u16 freqtable[] = {

0x010b, 0x011b, 0x012c, 0x013e, 0x0151, 0x0165, 0x017a, 0x0191, 0x01a9,

0x01c2, 0x01dd, 0x01f9, 0x0217, 0x0237, 0x0259, 0x027d, 0x02a3, 0x02cb,

0x02f5, 0x0322, 0x0352, 0x0385, 0x03ba, 0x03f3, 0x042f, 0x046f, 0x04b2,

0x04fa, 0x0546, 0x0596, 0x05eb, 0x0645, 0x06a5, 0x070a, 0x0775, 0x07e6,

0x085f, 0x08de, 0x0965, 0x09f4, 0x0a8c, 0x0b2c, 0x0bd6, 0x0c8b, 0x0d4a,

0x0e14, 0x0eea, 0x0fcd, 0x10be, 0x11bd, 0x12cb, 0x13e9, 0x1518, 0x1659,

0x17ad, 0x1916, 0x1a94, 0x1c28, 0x1dd5, 0x1f9b, 0x217c, 0x237a, 0x2596,

0x27d3, 0x2a31, 0x2cb3, 0x2f5b, 0x322c, 0x3528, 0x3851, 0x3bab, 0x3f37,

0x42f9, 0x46f5, 0x4b2d, 0x4fa6, 0x5462, 0x5967, 0x5eb7, 0x6459, 0x6a51,

0x70a3, 0x7756, 0x7e6f

};*/

const u16 freqtable[] = {

0x0085, 0x008d, 0x0096, 0x009f, 0x00a8, 0x00b2, 0x00bd, 0x00c8, 0x00d4,

0x00e1, 0x00ee, 0x00fc, 0x010b, 0x011b, 0x012c, 0x013e, 0x0151, 0x0165,

0x017a, 0x0191, 0x01a9, 0x01c2, 0x01dd, 0x01f9, 0x0217, 0x0237, 0x0259,

0x027d, 0x02a3, 0x02cb, 0x02f5, 0x0322, 0x0352, 0x0385, 0x03ba, 0x03f3,

0x042f, 0x046f, 0x04b2, 0x04fa, 0x0546, 0x0596, 0x05eb, 0x0645, 0x06a5,

0x070a, 0x0775, 0x07e6, 0x085f, 0x08de, 0x0965, 0x09f4, 0x0a8c, 0x0b2c,

0x0bd6, 0x0c8b, 0x0d4a, 0x0e14, 0x0eea, 0x0fcd, 0x10be, 0x11bd, 0x12cb,

0x13e9, 0x1518, 0x1659, 0x17ad, 0x1916, 0x1a94, 0x1c28, 0x1dd5, 0x1f9b,

0x217c, 0x237a, 0x2596, 0x27d3, 0x2a31, 0x2cb3, 0x2f5b, 0x322c, 0x3528,

0x3851, 0x3bab, 0x3f37

};

const s8 sinetable[] = {

0, 12, 25, 37, 49, 60, 71, 81, 90, 98, 106, 112, 117, 122, 125, 126,

127, 126, 125, 122, 117, 112, 106, 98, 90, 81, 71, 60, 49, 37, 25, 12,

0, -12, -25, -37, -49, -60, -71, -81, -90, -98, -106, -112, -117, -122,

-125, -126, -127, -126, -125, -122, -117, -112, -106, -98, -90, -81,

-71, -60, -49, -37, -25, -12

};

const u8 validcmds[] = "0dfijlmtvw~+=";

enum {

WF_TRI,

WF_SAW,

WF_PUL,

WF_NOI

};

volatile struct oscillator {

u16 freq;

u16 phase;

u16 duty;

u8 waveform;

u8 volume; // 0-255

} osc[4];

struct trackline {

u8 note;

u8 instr;

u8 cmd[2];

u8 param[2];

};

struct track {

struct trackline line[TRACKLEN];

};

struct unpacker {

u16 nextbyte;

u8 buffer;

u8 bits;

};

struct channel {

struct unpacker trackup;

u8 tnum;

s8 transp;

u8 tnote;

u8 lastinstr;

u8 inum;

u16 iptr;

u8 iwait;

u8 inote;

s8 bendd;

s16 bend;

s8 volumed;

s16 dutyd;

u8 vdepth;

u8 vrate;

u8 vpos;

s16 inertia;

u16 slur;

} channel[4];

u16 resources[16 + MAXTRACK];

struct unpacker songup;

byte readsongbyte(u16 offset)

{

return pgm_read_byte_near(&songdata[0] + offset);

}

void watchdogoff()

{

}

void initup(struct unpacker *up, u16 offset) {

up->nextbyte = offset;

up->bits = 0;

}

u8 readbit(struct unpacker *up) {

u8 val;

if(!up->bits) {

up->buffer = readsongbyte(up->nextbyte++);

up->bits = 8;

}

up->bits--;

val = up->buffer & 1;

up->buffer >>= 1;

return val;

}

u16 readchunk(struct unpacker *up, u8 n) {

u16 val = 0;

u8 i;

for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {

if(readbit(up)) {

val |= (1 << i);

}

return val;

}

void readinstr(byte num, byte pos, byte *dest) {

dest[0] = readsongbyte(resources[num] + 2 * pos + 0);

dest[1] = readsongbyte(resources[num] + 2 * pos + 1);

}

void runcmd(u8 ch, u8 cmd, u8 param) {

switch(validcmds[cmd]) {

case '0':

channel[ch].inum = 0;

break;

case 'd':

osc[ch].duty = param << 8;

break;

case 'f':

channel[ch].volumed = param;

break;

case 'i':

channel[ch].inertia = param << 1;

break;

case 'j':

channel[ch].iptr = param;

break;

case 'l':

channel[ch].bendd = param;

break;

case 'm':

channel[ch].dutyd = param << 6;

break;

case 't':

channel[ch].iwait = param;

break;

case 'v':

osc[ch].volume = param;

break;

case 'w':

osc[ch].waveform = param;

break;

case '+':

channel[ch].inote = param + channel[ch].tnote - 12 * 4;

break;

case '=':

channel[ch].inote = param;

break;

case '~':

if(channel[ch].vdepth != (param >> 4)) {

channel[ch].vpos = 0;

}

channel[ch].vdepth = param >> 4;

channel[ch].vrate = param & 15;

break;

}

void playroutine() { // called at 50 Hz

u8 ch;

u8 lights;

if(playsong) {

if(trackwait) {

trackwait--;

} else {

trackwait = 4;

if(!trackpos) {

if(playsong) {

if(songpos >= SONGLEN) {

playsong = 0;

} else {

for(ch = 0; ch < 4; ch++) {

u8 gottransp;

u8 transp;

gottransp = readchunk(&songup, 1);

channel[ch].tnum = readchunk(&songup, 6);

if(gottransp) {

transp = readchunk(&songup, 4);

if(transp & 0x8) transp |= 0xf0;

} else {

transp = 0;

}

channel[ch].transp = (s8) transp;

if(channel[ch].tnum) {

initup(&channel[ch].trackup, resources[16 + channel[ch].tnum - 1]);

}

songpos++;

}

if(playsong) {

for(ch = 0; ch < 4; ch++) {

if(channel[ch].tnum) {

u8 note, instr, cmd, param;

u8 fields;

fields = readchunk(&channel[ch].trackup, 3);

note = 0;

instr = 0;

cmd = 0;

param = 0;

if(fields & 1) note = readchunk(&channel[ch].trackup, 7);

if(fields & 2) instr = readchunk(&channel[ch].trackup, 4);

if(fields & 4) {

cmd = readchunk(&channel[ch].trackup, 4);

param = readchunk(&channel[ch].trackup, 8);

}

if(note) {

channel[ch].tnote = note + channel[ch].transp;

if(!instr) instr = channel[ch].lastinstr;

}

if(instr) {

if(instr == 2) light[1] = 5;

if(instr == 1) {

light[0] = 5;

if(channel[ch].tnum == 4) {

light[0] = light[1] = 3;

}

if(instr == 7) {

light[0] = light[1] = 30;

}

channel[ch].lastinstr = instr;

channel[ch].inum = instr;

channel[ch].iptr = 0;

channel[ch].iwait = 0;

channel[ch].bend = 0;

channel[ch].bendd = 0;

channel[ch].volumed = 0;

channel[ch].dutyd = 0;

channel[ch].vdepth = 0;

}

if(cmd) runcmd(ch, cmd, param);

}

trackpos++;

trackpos &= 31;

}

for(ch = 0; ch < 4; ch++) {

s16 vol;

u16 duty;

u16 slur;

while(channel[ch].inum && !channel[ch].iwait) {

u8 il[2];

readinstr(channel[ch].inum, channel[ch].iptr, il);

channel[ch].iptr++;

runcmd(ch, il[0], il[1]);

}

if(channel[ch].iwait) channel[ch].iwait--;

if(channel[ch].inertia) {

s16 diff;

slur = channel[ch].slur;

diff = freqtable[channel[ch].inote] - slur;

//diff >>= channel[ch].inertia;

if(diff > 0) {

if(diff > channel[ch].inertia) diff = channel[ch].inertia;

} else if(diff < 0) {

if(diff < -channel[ch].inertia) diff = -channel[ch].inertia;

}

slur += diff;

channel[ch].slur = slur;

} else {

slur = freqtable[channel[ch].inote];

}

osc[ch].freq =

slur +

channel[ch].bend +

((channel[ch].vdepth * sinetable[channel[ch].vpos & 63]) >> 2);

channel[ch].bend += channel[ch].bendd;

vol = osc[ch].volume + channel[ch].volumed;

if(vol < 0) vol = 0;

if(vol > 255) vol = 255;

osc[ch].volume = vol;

duty = osc[ch].duty + channel[ch].dutyd;

if(duty > 0xe000) duty = 0x2000;

if(duty < 0x2000) duty = 0xe000;

osc[ch].duty = duty;

channel[ch].vpos += channel[ch].vrate;

}

lights = 0;

if(light[0]) {

light[0]--;

lights |= 0x04;

}

if(light[1]) {

light[1]--;

lights |= 0x10;

}

PORTB = lights;

}

void initresources() {

u8 i;

struct unpacker up;

initup(&up, 0);

for(i = 0; i < 16 + MAXTRACK; i++) {

resources[i] = readchunk(&up, 13);

}

initup(&songup, resources[0]);

}

int main() {

asm("cli");

watchdogoff();

CLKPR = 0x80;

DDRC = 0x12;

DDRD = 0xff;

//PORTC = 0;

pinMode(10,OUTPUT);

pinMode(12,OUTPUT);

timetoplay = 0;

trackwait = 0;

trackpos = 0;

playsong = 1;

songpos = 0;

osc[0].volume = 0;

channel[0].inum = 0;

osc[1].volume = 0;

channel[1].inum = 0;

osc[2].volume = 0;

channel[2].inum = 0;

osc[3].volume = 0;

channel[3].inum = 0;

initresources();

TCCR0A = 0x02;

TCCR0B = 0x02; // clkIO/8, so 1/8 MHz

OCR0A = 125;//125; // 8 KHz

TCCR2A=0b10100011;

TCCR2B=0b00000001;

TIMSK0 = 0x02;

asm("sei");

for(;;) {

while(!timetoplay);

timetoplay--;

playroutine();

}

ISR(TIMER0_COMPA_vect) // called at 8 KHz

{

u8 i;

s16 acc;

u8 newbit;

OCR2B = lastsample;

newbit = 0;

if(noiseseed & 0x80000000L) newbit ^= 1;

if(noiseseed & 0x01000000L) newbit ^= 1;

if(noiseseed & 0x00000040L) newbit ^= 1;

if(noiseseed & 0x00000200L) newbit ^= 1;

noiseseed = (noiseseed << 1) | newbit;

if(callbackwait) {

callbackwait--;

} else {

timetoplay++;

callbackwait = 180 - 1;

}

acc = 0;

for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

s8 value; // [-32,31]

switch(osc[i].waveform) {

case WF_TRI:

if(osc[i].phase < 0x8000) {

value = -32 + (osc[i].phase >> 9);

} else {

value = 31 - ((osc[i].phase - 0x8000) >> 9);

}

break;

case WF_SAW:

value = -32 + (osc[i].phase >> 10);

break;

case WF_PUL:

value = (osc[i].phase > osc[i].duty)? -32 : 31;

break;

case WF_NOI:

value = (noiseseed & 63) - 32;

break;

default:

value = 0;

break;

}

osc[i].phase += osc[i].freq;

acc += value * osc[i].volume; // rhs = [-8160,7905]

}

// acc [-32640,31620]

lastsample = 128 + (acc >> 8); // [1,251]

}

Step 4: How to Assemble

You may done this project with software programming but hardware is not finished. Now, you take one of your speaker wires, and then plug it into pin 3 which is a PWM pin. Then, plug it into ground or power. You can hear music with this project.

Step 5: Done

Step 6: How to Add a Jack

Step 7: How to adjust It!

Connect an LED from pin 3 to ground.Then, listen to it with the light listener

Have fun!

Step 8: Make it Beatbox

Here's the beatbox code:

#include <avr/io.h>

#include <avr/signal.h>

#include <avr/interrupt.h>

#define TRACKLEN 32

#define MAXTRACK 0x92

#define SONGLEN 0x37

#include <avr/pgmspace.h>

extern "C" {

typedef unsigned char u8;

typedef unsigned short u16;

typedef char s8;

typedef short s16;

typedef unsigned long u32;

byte songdata[] PROGMEM = {

0x87, 0x30, 0x2a, 0x24, 0x45, 0xbb, 0x50, 0x58, 0x20, 0xc3, 0x6c, 0x80,

0x0e, 0xd1, 0x41, 0x3e, 0x4c, 0x58, 0x1a, 0xb1, 0x54, 0xa4, 0x94, 0x19,

0x50, 0x03, 0x97, 0x52, 0x40, 0x60, 0x0a, 0x53, 0x11, 0x2c, 0x9e, 0x45,

0xbe, 0xe8, 0x18, 0x2b, 0xe3, 0x68, 0x9c, 0x8d, 0xc2, 0xd1, 0x39, 0x60,

0xc7, 0xf5, 0xe0, 0x1f, 0x1c, 0x64, 0x88, 0x84, 0x11, 0x3c, 0xb2, 0x48,

0x4e, 0x49, 0x2d, 0x89, 0x26, 0xe8, 0x84, 0x9f, 0x38, 0x94, 0x8e, 0x92,

0x53, 0x9e, 0x4a, 0x57, 0xb1, 0x2b, 0x8d, 0x45, 0xb5, 0x14, 0x67, 0xe9,

0x32, 0x5e, 0xe8, 0x0b, 0x83, 0x29, 0x31, 0x60, 0xc6, 0xcc, 0x68, 0x9a,

0x41, 0x63, 0x6c, 0xaa, 0xcd, 0xb8, 0xe1, 0x37, 0x20, 0x97, 0xe5, 0x24,

0x1d, 0xb9, 0x73, 0x7a, 0x82, 0x4f, 0xf2, 0xc9, 0x3e, 0x03, 0x08, 0x00,

0x00, 0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0xa8, 0xb5, 0x00, 0x80, 0x9b, 0x2b, 0x00, 0x00,

0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x60, 0x58, 0x40, 0x02, 0x09, 0x00, 0x20,

0x90, 0x00, 0x4c, 0x02, 0x49, 0x00, 0x25, 0x30, 0x00, 0x54, 0x0e, 0x09,

0xc0, 0x24, 0x90, 0x00, 0x4c, 0x02, 0x09, 0x00, 0x25, 0x60, 0x00, 0x54,